/* $Id: fsw_core.h $ */
/** @file
 * fsw_core.h - Core file system wrapper abstraction layer header.
 */

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2010-2020 Oracle Corporation
 *
 * This file is part of VirtualBox Open Source Edition (OSE), as
 * available from http://www.virtualbox.org. This file is free software;
 * you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
 * General Public License (GPL) as published by the Free Software
 * Foundation, in version 2 as it comes in the "COPYING" file of the
 * VirtualBox OSE distribution. VirtualBox OSE is distributed in the
 * hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY of any kind.
 *
 * The contents of this file may alternatively be used under the terms
 * of the Common Development and Distribution License Version 1.0
 * (CDDL) only, as it comes in the "COPYING.CDDL" file of the
 * VirtualBox OSE distribution, in which case the provisions of the
 * CDDL are applicable instead of those of the GPL.
 *
 * You may elect to license modified versions of this file under the
 * terms and conditions of either the GPL or the CDDL or both.
 * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * This code is based on:
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2006 Christoph Pfisterer
 * Portions Copyright (c) The Regents of the University of California.
 * Portions Copyright (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
 * met:
 *
 *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the
 *    distribution.
 *
 *  * Neither the name of Christoph Pfisterer nor the names of the
 *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
 *    from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#ifndef _FSW_CORE_H_
#define _FSW_CORE_H_

#include "fsw_base.h"


/** Maximum size for a path, specifically symlink target paths. */
#ifndef VBOX
#define FSW_PATH_MAX (4096)
#else
/* Too big allocations are handled with alloca() */
#define FSW_PATH_MAX (2048)
#endif

/** Helper macro for token concatenation. */
#define FSW_CONCAT3(a,b,c) a##b##c
/** Expands to the name of a fstype dispatch table (fsw_fstype_table) for a named file system type. */
#define FSW_FSTYPE_TABLE_NAME(t) FSW_CONCAT3(fsw_,t,_table)

/** Indicates that the block cache entry is empty. */
#define FSW_INVALID_BNO (~0U)


//
// Byte-swapping macros
//


/**
 * \name Byte Order Macros
 * Implements big endian vs. little endian awareness and conversion.
 */
/*@{*/

typedef fsw_u16             fsw_u16_le;
typedef fsw_u16             fsw_u16_be;
typedef fsw_u32             fsw_u32_le;
typedef fsw_u32             fsw_u32_be;
typedef fsw_u64             fsw_u64_le;
typedef fsw_u64             fsw_u64_be;

#define FSW_SWAPVALUE_U16(v) ((((fsw_u16)(v) & 0xff00) >> 8) | \
                              (((fsw_u16)(v) & 0x00ff) << 8))
#define FSW_SWAPVALUE_U32(v) ((((fsw_u32)(v) & 0xff000000UL) >> 24) | \
                              (((fsw_u32)(v) & 0x00ff0000UL) >> 8)  | \
                              (((fsw_u32)(v) & 0x0000ff00UL) << 8)  | \
                              (((fsw_u32)(v) & 0x000000ffUL) << 24))
#define FSW_SWAPVALUE_U64(v) ((((fsw_u64)(v) & 0xff00000000000000ULL) >> 56) | \
                              (((fsw_u64)(v) & 0x00ff000000000000ULL) >> 40) | \
                              (((fsw_u64)(v) & 0x0000ff0000000000ULL) >> 24) | \
                              (((fsw_u64)(v) & 0x000000ff00000000ULL) >> 8)  | \
                              (((fsw_u64)(v) & 0x00000000ff000000ULL) << 8)  | \
                              (((fsw_u64)(v) & 0x0000000000ff0000ULL) << 24) | \
                              (((fsw_u64)(v) & 0x000000000000ff00ULL) << 40) | \
                              (((fsw_u64)(v) & 0x00000000000000ffULL) << 56))

#ifdef FSW_LITTLE_ENDIAN

#define fsw_u16_le_swap(v) (v)
#define fsw_u16_be_swap(v) FSW_SWAPVALUE_U16(v)
#define fsw_u32_le_swap(v) (v)
#define fsw_u32_be_swap(v) FSW_SWAPVALUE_U32(v)
#define fsw_u64_le_swap(v) (v)
#define fsw_u64_be_swap(v) FSW_SWAPVALUE_U64(v)

#define fsw_u16_le_sip(var)
#define fsw_u16_be_sip(var) (var = FSW_SWAPVALUE_U16(var))
#define fsw_u32_le_sip(var)
#define fsw_u32_be_sip(var) (var = FSW_SWAPVALUE_U32(var))
#define fsw_u64_le_sip(var)
#define fsw_u64_be_sip(var) (var = FSW_SWAPVALUE_U64(var))

#else
#ifdef FSW_BIG_ENDIAN

#define fsw_u16_le_swap(v) FSW_SWAPVALUE_U16(v)
#define fsw_u16_be_swap(v) (v)
#define fsw_u32_le_swap(v) FSW_SWAPVALUE_U32(v)
#define fsw_u32_be_swap(v) (v)
#define fsw_u64_le_swap(v) FSW_SWAPVALUE_U64(v)
#define fsw_u64_be_swap(v) (v)

#define fsw_u16_le_sip(var) (var = FSW_SWAPVALUE_U16(var))
#define fsw_u16_be_sip(var)
#define fsw_u32_le_sip(var) (var = FSW_SWAPVALUE_U32(var))
#define fsw_u32_be_sip(var)
#define fsw_u64_le_sip(var) (var = FSW_SWAPVALUE_U64(var))
#define fsw_u64_be_sip(var)

#else
#fail Neither FSW_BIG_ENDIAN nor FSW_LITTLE_ENDIAN are defined
#endif
#endif

/*@}*/


//
// The following evil hack avoids a lot of casts between generic and fstype-specific
// structures.
//

#ifndef VOLSTRUCTNAME
#define VOLSTRUCTNAME fsw_volume
#else
struct VOLSTRUCTNAME;
#endif
#ifndef DNODESTRUCTNAME
#define DNODESTRUCTNAME fsw_dnode
#else
struct DNODESTRUCTNAME;
#endif


/**
 * Status code type, returned from all functions that can fail.
 */
typedef int fsw_status_t;

/**
 * Possible status codes.
 */
enum {
    FSW_SUCCESS,
    FSW_OUT_OF_MEMORY,
    FSW_IO_ERROR,
    FSW_UNSUPPORTED,
    FSW_NOT_FOUND,
    FSW_VOLUME_CORRUPTED,
    FSW_UNKNOWN_ERROR
};


/**
 * Core: A string with explicit length and encoding information.
 */

struct fsw_string {
    int         type;               //!< Encoding of the string - empty, ISO-8859-1, UTF8, UTF16
    int         len;                //!< Length in characters
    int         size;               //!< Total data size in bytes
    void        *data;              //!< Data pointer (may be NULL if type is EMPTY or len is zero)
};

/**
 * Possible string types / encodings. In the case of FSW_STRING_TYPE_EMPTY,
 * all other members of the fsw_string structure may be invalid.
 */
enum {
    FSW_STRING_TYPE_EMPTY,
    FSW_STRING_TYPE_ISO88591,
    FSW_STRING_TYPE_UTF8,
    FSW_STRING_TYPE_UTF16,
    FSW_STRING_TYPE_UTF16_SWAPPED
};

#ifdef FSW_LITTLE_ENDIAN
#define FSW_STRING_TYPE_UTF16_LE FSW_STRING_TYPE_UTF16
#define FSW_STRING_TYPE_UTF16_BE FSW_STRING_TYPE_UTF16_SWAPPED
#else
#define FSW_STRING_TYPE_UTF16_LE FSW_STRING_TYPE_UTF16_SWAPPED
#define FSW_STRING_TYPE_UTF16_BE FSW_STRING_TYPE_UTF16
#endif

/** Static initializer for an empty string. */
#define FSW_STRING_INIT { FSW_STRING_TYPE_EMPTY, 0, 0, NULL }


/* forward declarations */

struct fsw_dnode;
struct fsw_host_table;
struct fsw_fstype_table;

struct fsw_blockcache {
    fsw_u32     refcount;           //!< Reference count
    fsw_u32     cache_level;        //!< Level of importance of this block
    fsw_u32     phys_bno;           //!< Physical block number
    void        *data;              //!< Block data buffer
};

/**
 * Core: Represents a mounted volume.
 */

struct fsw_volume {
    fsw_u32     phys_blocksize;     //!< Block size for disk access / file system structures
    fsw_u32     log_blocksize;      //!< Block size for logical file data

    struct DNODESTRUCTNAME *root;   //!< Root directory dnode
    struct fsw_string label;        //!< Volume label

    struct fsw_dnode *dnode_head;   //!< List of all dnodes allocated for this volume

    struct fsw_blockcache *bcache;  //!< Array of block cache entries
    fsw_u32     bcache_size;        //!< Number of entries in the block cache array

    void        *host_data;         //!< Hook for a host-specific data structure
    struct fsw_host_table *host_table;      //!< Dispatch table for host-specific functions
    struct fsw_fstype_table *fstype_table;  //!< Dispatch table for file system specific functions
    int         host_string_type;   //!< String type used by the host environment
};

/**
 * Core: Represents a "directory node" - a file, directory, symlink, whatever.
 */

struct fsw_dnode {
    fsw_u32     refcount;           //!< Reference count

    struct VOLSTRUCTNAME *vol;      //!< The volume this dnode belongs to
    struct DNODESTRUCTNAME *parent; //!< Parent directory dnode
    struct fsw_string name;         //!< Name of this item in the parent directory

    fsw_u32     dnode_id;           //!< Unique id number (usually the inode number)
    int         type;               //!< Type of the dnode - file, dir, symlink, special
    fsw_u64     size;               //!< Data size in bytes

    struct fsw_dnode *next;         //!< Doubly-linked list of all dnodes: previous dnode
    struct fsw_dnode *prev;         //!< Doubly-linked list of all dnodes: next dnode
};

/**
 * Possible dnode types. FSW_DNODE_TYPE_UNKNOWN may only be used before
 * fsw_dnode_fill has been called on the dnode.
 */
enum {
    FSW_DNODE_TYPE_UNKNOWN,
    FSW_DNODE_TYPE_FILE,
    FSW_DNODE_TYPE_DIR,
    FSW_DNODE_TYPE_SYMLINK,
    FSW_DNODE_TYPE_SPECIAL
};

/**
 * Core: Stores the mapping of a region of a file to the data on disk.
 */

struct fsw_extent {
    int         type;               //!< Type of extent specification
    fsw_u32     log_start;          //!< Starting logical block number
    fsw_u32     log_count;          //!< Logical block count
    fsw_u32     phys_start;         //!< Starting physical block number (for FSW_EXTENT_TYPE_PHYSBLOCK only)
    void        *buffer;            //!< Allocated buffer pointer (for FSW_EXTENT_TYPE_BUFFER only)
};

/**
 * Possible extent representation types. FSW_EXTENT_TYPE_INVALID is for shandle's
 * internal use only, it must not be returned from a get_extent function.
 */
enum {
    FSW_EXTENT_TYPE_INVALID,
    FSW_EXTENT_TYPE_SPARSE,
    FSW_EXTENT_TYPE_PHYSBLOCK,
    FSW_EXTENT_TYPE_BUFFER
};

/**
 * Core: An access structure to a dnode's raw data. There can be multiple
 * shandles per dnode, each of them has its own position pointer.
 */

struct fsw_shandle {
    struct fsw_dnode *dnode;        //!< The dnode this handle reads data from

    fsw_u64     pos;                //!< Current file pointer in bytes
    struct fsw_extent extent;       //!< Current extent
};

/**
 * Core: Used in gathering detailed information on a volume.
 */

struct fsw_volume_stat {
    fsw_u64     total_bytes;        //!< Total size of data area size in bytes
    fsw_u64     free_bytes;         //!< Bytes still available for storing file data
};

/**
 * Core: Used in gathering detailed information on a dnode.
 */

struct fsw_dnode_stat {
    fsw_u64     used_bytes;         //!< Bytes actually used by the file on disk
    void        (*store_time_posix)(struct fsw_dnode_stat *sb, int which, fsw_u32 posix_time);   //!< Callback for storing a Posix-style timestamp
    void        (*store_attr_posix)(struct fsw_dnode_stat *sb, fsw_u16 posix_mode);   //!< Callback for storing a Posix-style file mode
    void        *host_data;         //!< Hook for a host-specific data structure
};

/**
 * Type of the timestamp passed into store_time_posix.
 */
enum {
    FSW_DNODE_STAT_CTIME,
    FSW_DNODE_STAT_MTIME,
    FSW_DNODE_STAT_ATIME
};

/**
 * Core: Function table for a host environment.
 */

struct fsw_host_table
{
    int         native_string_type; //!< String type used by the host environment

    void         (*change_blocksize)(struct fsw_volume *vol,
                                     fsw_u32 old_phys_blocksize, fsw_u32 old_log_blocksize,
                                     fsw_u32 new_phys_blocksize, fsw_u32 new_log_blocksize);
    fsw_status_t (*read_block)(struct fsw_volume *vol, fsw_u32 phys_bno, void *buffer);
};

/**
 * Core: Function table for a file system driver.
 */

struct fsw_fstype_table
{
    struct fsw_string name;         //!< String giving the name of the file system
    fsw_u32     volume_struct_size; //!< Size for allocating the fsw_volume structure
    fsw_u32     dnode_struct_size;  //!< Size for allocating the fsw_dnode structure

    fsw_status_t (*volume_mount)(struct VOLSTRUCTNAME *vol);
    void         (*volume_free)(struct VOLSTRUCTNAME *vol);
    fsw_status_t (*volume_stat)(struct VOLSTRUCTNAME *vol, struct fsw_volume_stat *sb);

    fsw_status_t (*dnode_fill)(struct VOLSTRUCTNAME *vol, struct DNODESTRUCTNAME *dno);
    void         (*dnode_free)(struct VOLSTRUCTNAME *vol, struct DNODESTRUCTNAME *dno);
    fsw_status_t (*dnode_stat)(struct VOLSTRUCTNAME *vol, struct DNODESTRUCTNAME *dno,
                               struct fsw_dnode_stat *sb);
    fsw_status_t (*get_extent)(struct VOLSTRUCTNAME *vol, struct DNODESTRUCTNAME *dno,
                               struct fsw_extent *extent);

    fsw_status_t (*dir_lookup)(struct VOLSTRUCTNAME *vol, struct DNODESTRUCTNAME *dno,
                               struct fsw_string *lookup_name, struct DNODESTRUCTNAME **child_dno);
    fsw_status_t (*dir_read)(struct VOLSTRUCTNAME *vol, struct DNODESTRUCTNAME *dno,
                             struct fsw_shandle *shand, struct DNODESTRUCTNAME **child_dno);
    fsw_status_t (*readlink)(struct VOLSTRUCTNAME *vol, struct DNODESTRUCTNAME *dno,
                             struct fsw_string *link_target);
};


/**
 * \name Volume Functions
 */
/*@{*/

fsw_status_t fsw_mount(void *host_data,
                       struct fsw_host_table *host_table,
                       struct fsw_fstype_table *fstype_table,
                       struct fsw_volume **vol_out);
void         fsw_unmount(struct fsw_volume *vol);
fsw_status_t fsw_volume_stat(struct fsw_volume *vol, struct fsw_volume_stat *sb);

void         fsw_set_blocksize(struct VOLSTRUCTNAME *vol, fsw_u32 phys_blocksize, fsw_u32 log_blocksize);
fsw_status_t fsw_block_get(struct VOLSTRUCTNAME *vol, fsw_u32 phys_bno, fsw_u32 cache_level, void **buffer_out);
void         fsw_block_release(struct VOLSTRUCTNAME *vol, fsw_u32 phys_bno, void *buffer);

/*@}*/


/**
 * \name dnode Functions
 */
/*@{*/

fsw_status_t fsw_dnode_create_root(struct VOLSTRUCTNAME *vol, fsw_u32 dnode_id, struct DNODESTRUCTNAME **dno_out);
fsw_status_t fsw_dnode_create(struct DNODESTRUCTNAME *parent_dno, fsw_u32 dnode_id, int type,
                              struct fsw_string *name, struct DNODESTRUCTNAME **dno_out);
void         fsw_dnode_retain(struct fsw_dnode *dno);
void         fsw_dnode_release(struct fsw_dnode *dno);

fsw_status_t fsw_dnode_fill(struct fsw_dnode *dno);
fsw_status_t fsw_dnode_stat(struct fsw_dnode *dno, struct fsw_dnode_stat *sb);

fsw_status_t fsw_dnode_lookup(struct fsw_dnode *dno,
                              struct fsw_string *lookup_name, struct fsw_dnode **child_dno_out);
fsw_status_t fsw_dnode_lookup_path(struct fsw_dnode *dno,
                                   struct fsw_string *lookup_path, char separator,
                                   struct fsw_dnode **child_dno_out);
fsw_status_t fsw_dnode_dir_read(struct fsw_shandle *shand, struct fsw_dnode **child_dno_out);
fsw_status_t fsw_dnode_readlink(struct fsw_dnode *dno, struct fsw_string *link_target);
fsw_status_t fsw_dnode_readlink_data(struct DNODESTRUCTNAME *dno, struct fsw_string *link_target);
fsw_status_t fsw_dnode_resolve(struct fsw_dnode *dno, struct fsw_dnode **target_dno_out);

/*@}*/


/**
 * \name shandle Functions
 */
/*@{*/

fsw_status_t fsw_shandle_open(struct DNODESTRUCTNAME *dno, struct fsw_shandle *shand);
void         fsw_shandle_close(struct fsw_shandle *shand);
fsw_status_t fsw_shandle_read(struct fsw_shandle *shand, fsw_u32 *buffer_size_inout, void *buffer);

/*@}*/


/**
 * \name Memory Functions
 */
/*@{*/

fsw_status_t fsw_alloc_zero(int len, void **ptr_out);
fsw_status_t fsw_memdup(void **dest_out, void *src, int len);

/*@}*/


/**
 * \name String Functions
 */
/*@{*/

int          fsw_strlen(struct fsw_string *s);
int          fsw_streq(struct fsw_string *s1, struct fsw_string *s2);
int          fsw_streq_cstr(struct fsw_string *s1, const char *s2);
fsw_status_t fsw_strdup_coerce(struct fsw_string *dest, int type, struct fsw_string *src);
void         fsw_strsplit(struct fsw_string *lookup_name, struct fsw_string *buffer, char separator);

void         fsw_strfree(struct fsw_string *s);
fsw_u16      fsw_to_lower(fsw_u16 ch);

/*@}*/


/**
 * \name Posix Mode Macros
 * These macros can be used globally to test fields and bits in
 * Posix-style modes.
 *
 * Taken from FreeBSD sys/stat.h.
 */
/*@{*/
#ifndef S_IRWXU

#define S_ISUID 0004000                 /* set user id on execution */
#define S_ISGID 0002000                 /* set group id on execution */
#define S_ISTXT 0001000                 /* sticky bit */

#define S_IRWXU 0000700                 /* RWX mask for owner */
#define S_IRUSR 0000400                 /* R for owner */
#define S_IWUSR 0000200                 /* W for owner */
#define S_IXUSR 0000100                 /* X for owner */

#define S_IRWXG 0000070                 /* RWX mask for group */
#define S_IRGRP 0000040                 /* R for group */
#define S_IWGRP 0000020                 /* W for group */
#define S_IXGRP 0000010                 /* X for group */

#define S_IRWXO 0000007                 /* RWX mask for other */
#define S_IROTH 0000004                 /* R for other */
#define S_IWOTH 0000002                 /* W for other */
#define S_IXOTH 0000001                 /* X for other */

#define S_IFMT   0170000                /* type of file mask */
#define S_IFIFO  0010000                /* named pipe (fifo) */
#define S_IFCHR  0020000                /* character special */
#define S_IFDIR  0040000                /* directory */
#define S_IFBLK  0060000                /* block special */
#define S_IFREG  0100000                /* regular */
#define S_IFLNK  0120000                /* symbolic link */
#define S_IFSOCK 0140000                /* socket */
#define S_ISVTX  0001000                /* save swapped text even after use */
#define S_IFWHT  0160000                /* whiteout */

#define S_ISDIR(m)      (((m) & 0170000) == 0040000)    /* directory */
#define S_ISCHR(m)      (((m) & 0170000) == 0020000)    /* char special */
#define S_ISBLK(m)      (((m) & 0170000) == 0060000)    /* block special */
#define S_ISREG(m)      (((m) & 0170000) == 0100000)    /* regular file */
#define S_ISFIFO(m)     (((m) & 0170000) == 0010000)    /* fifo or socket */
#define S_ISLNK(m)      (((m) & 0170000) == 0120000)    /* symbolic link */
#define S_ISSOCK(m)     (((m) & 0170000) == 0140000)    /* socket */
#define S_ISWHT(m)      (((m) & 0170000) == 0160000)    /* whiteout */

#define S_BLKSIZE       512             /* block size used in the stat struct */

#endif
/*@}*/


#endif
